In humans, a large number of causal mutations for hypotrichosis have been described. Hypotrichosis is an inherited defect in mammals that is characterized by various degrees of sparse and curled malformed hair. Our finding on the identification of a three-locus interaction that underlies RTS provides a prime example of epistatic interaction between several independent loci that is required for the expression of a distinct phenotype. Finally, our results excluded several other loci that were previously reported to be associated with or to underlie hair conformation or pigmentation traits as the causal mutations of RTS and also several major functional candidate genes that are associated with hypotrichosis in humans. Our study provides evidence that the RTS locus has effects on hair conformation and coat colour dilution and that the effect on coat colour dilution is clearly independent from that of the dilution locus. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the RTS and dilution loci are distinct loci on BTA5. Linkage and whole-genome association analyses using different models and different pedigrees allowed us to map a third locus (hereafter referred to as the RTS locus) that is essential for the expression of the RTS phenotype to the chromosomal region between 14 and 22 Mb on BTA5. In addition, only the individuals that are heterozygous at the dilution locus on BTA5 that corresponds to the premelanosome protein or silver gene variant c.64G> A were classified as displaying a RTS phenotype. In this population, the RTS is exclusively expressed in animals with a eumelanic background that is due to the dominant E D allele at the melanocortin 1 receptor gene located on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 18. We used a resource cross population between German Holstein and Charolais cattle breeds to prove that epistatic interactions between at least three independent genetic loci are required for the expression of the RTS phenotype. Phenotypic features that are similar to RTS are observed in dogs with black hair follicle dysplasia. The affected animals also suffer from disturbed thermoregulation, which impairs their health and growth performance. For 100% completion, all that is required is to pick one flower.The “rat-tail” syndrome (RTS) is an inherited hypotrichosis in cattle, which is exclusively expressed in diluted coloured hair. The in-game compendium entry for the rat tail orchid is shown below. There is considerable overlap in the areas where the Rat tail orchids and Queen's orchids (needed for the 5th and final exotics request), so while you complete Rat tail orchids for the 4th request, you may consider keeping an eye out for some Queen's orchids as well. If some orchids are picked before this mission starts, they will respawn upon starting the corresponding request. You will have to finish collecting these orchids once you receive the list from Algernon. Orchids can certainly be found anytime before this request, but they will de-spawn before you can collect the full quantity needed to complete Duchesses and Other Animals. The rat tail orchid is involved in the 4th request in Duchesses and Other Animals: only 10 (out of 20 possible) plants are needed to complete the request. This is prime alligator and Night Folk territory, so be on your guard-especially if searching at night.
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